Zonal development plans are the next level hierarchical policy plans after the master plans which detail out the broad objectives of the master plan at comparatively smaller regions while incorporating the guidelines and proposals by the master plan without deviating far from the primary goal of development set by master plan. Unlike master plans here these zonal plans are prepared for shorter terms with more focus on detailing.
The Zonal Development Plan details out the policy of the master plan and acts as a link between the layout and the master plan. Indian master plan approach was fundamentally guided by the British town planning legislation. And further integrating the western concept of 'zoning' into the master planning lead to the preparation of new lower hierarchy development plans called 'zonal development plan' handling more comprehensive and more focused objectives derived from the master plan.
As the city is in its initial stage of growth there is urban agglomeration taking place into the city which usually derived due to one or a few unique characteristics spreading almost homogeneous throughout the city. But as the city keeps growing bigger, there are different new characteristics brushed without the prior knowledge on different parts of the city holding huge population. This arises new problems with solutions generally out of the scope of the single character oriented Master plans which treats the whole city equal and develops the regulations based on the common or prominent character of the city with major aspects in detail. Also it is impossible to advocate these changes into the master plan due to its long term visionary approach.
At this point the Authorities have come up with such inspiring solution of preparation of separate development plans for different smaller regions called zones which are divided based on the broad prevailing character of the area. Now, having an opportunity of independent planning for each zone, these zonal development plans put their focus on those sub objectives developed according to the uniqueness of the zones. Coming to the question of legality of the zonal development plans, though both zonal plans and master plans are approved and authorized equally by the State Governments, any changes or amendments are directed only towards the statutory master plan which reflects those changes onto the lower hierarchy plans further. Most development authorities prefer the development of these zonal plans simultaneously with the preparation of the Master plans to provide immediate aid as tool to the Master plan implementation at ground level.
The master plan divides the city into subdivisions or zones. Criteria’s followed are:
- Physical and Historical growth
- Character of land
- Intensity of land use
- Circulation pattern (Railways, Major arteries etc. )
- Municipal boundaries, election and census wards
Contents of a Zonal Plan
- Land use plan confirming to the master plan
- Location and extent of land uses
- More detailed circulation pattern
- Special objectives of the zone if any
- Allocation of use zones into further use premises
Functions of a Zonal Plan
- A zonal development plan details out and elaborates the policies of the master plan
- Acts as a link between the master plan and the layout plans
- Contains a land-use plan for the development of the zone and show the approximate locations and extents of land-uses proposed in the zone
- The schemes and layout plans indicating use premises should confirm to the master plan
ZDP to be prepared by the local planning authority may propose or provide for all or any of the following matters.
- Laying out or relaying of land either vacant or already built upon as building sites
- Construction, diversion, extension, alteration, improvement or closure of lanes, streets, roads and communication
- Construction, alteration, removal or demolition of buildings, bridges and other structures
- Land acquisition by purchase, exchange or otherwise of any land or other immovable property within the area included in the ZDP whether required immediately or not
- Redistribution of boundaries and the reconstitution of existing plots
- Disposal by sale, exchange, lease or otherwise of land acquired
- Transport facilities, water supply, lighting etc.
- Drainage inclusive of sewage and of surface draining and sewage disposal
- Allotment or reservation of land for public purposes
- Defining, demarcating of the reconstituted plots
- Construction of buildings, housing or resettlement of persons displaced by ZDP’s
- Demarcation of places or objects and building of archaeological, religious, historical or environmentally sensitive areas
Contents of Zonal Development Plan
1) Introduction
- A brief introduction to the city comprising its regional setting, functional character growth trends.
- Development plan / Master plan context
- Interdependence of zones on other parts of the city
2) Site Background and Analysis
- Land use distribution and analysis
- Population and density
- Built‐up area, character, extent and delineation
- Transportation: Circulation network, traffic flow (people and goods) and terminal facilities
- Physical and social infrastructure
- Land ownership
- Slope analysis
- Micro‐zoning hazard mapping
- Green cover: Parks/open spaces, forest, orchards, green belts, etc.
- Site potentials and constraints
- Security mapping: Specifying relatively safe and unsafe areas, streets etc.
- Types of housing subsystems: low cost housing, affordable housing
3) Conceptual Framework
- Planning parameter
- Planning concept and hierarchy till community level
- Projected requirements
- Urban design framework
4) Proposals and Development Strategy
- Land use plan
- Proposed circulation system
- Proposals for physical infrastructure
- Proposals for community facilities
- Strategy for new development, redevelopment and improvement
- Proposal for integrating and developing urban villages
- Proposals for informal sector
- Strategy for rehabilitation/regularization of unauthorized colonies
- Strategy for maintenance of services
- Provision for facilitating physically challenged and disabled in urban development
- Proposals regarding vending zones: Transit oriented markets and market streets can be pedestrianized or only NMVs and buses be permitted in vending zones.
5) Conservation and Improvement of Environment
- Conservation and Improvement of land profile
- Proposals for conservation and improvement of rivers streams and water‐sheds
- Conservation and Improvement of green cover and landscape
- Conservation of heritage areas/zones
- Energy efficient and environmentally sustainable development
- Provision for rainwater harvesting and common infrastructure at LAP level
- Integration of proposals regarding air water and noise pollution control
- Security mapping: Focusing on provision of appropriate street furniture including lighting, spacing of police booths. Consideration is recommended for providing security for women
6) Compliance of Government Policies
- State Land Utilization Policy
- State Perspective Plan and/or State Urbanization Policy
- State Urban Housing or Affordable Policy
- Township and Integrated Township Policy
- Rainwater Harvesting Policy
- Energy Policy
- Disaster Management Policy
- Industrial and Service Sector Investment Policy
- Barrier‐free Environment for Physically Disabled
- Information Technology Policy
- Tourism Policy
- Other Policies
7) Zoning Regulations
- Definitions of various use zone premises
- Use restrictions (uses permitted, conditionally permitted and uses prohibited)
- Proposal for mixed land uses
- Strategy for non‐conforming land uses
- Strategy for hazard zone and regulations
- Proposals for meeting women’s needs: mixed use development with focus on street activities/ TOD/ space for street vendors/encourage areas to be active at various times of day and night
8) Development Regulations
- Building regulations and building bye‐laws
- Urban design of major hubs, if required
- Architectural Control, if necessary
- Specific development controls for heritage areas and other special areas traditional areas as defined by the local authorities if any may be provided
9) Resource Mobilization and Implementation
- Institutional set‐up for Implementation
- Physical Infrastructure development cost including annual and 5 year phasing
- Resource mobilization for implementation through public private and other sectors
10) Implementation Framework
- Phasing and prioritization of development
- Development Management
11) Annexures
- Detailed scaled maps of prevailing situation
- Detailed scaled maps of existing land use
- Detailed scaled maps of proposed land use
- Detailed scaled maps of proposed location of infrastructure and social services
- Detailed scaled maps of vending zones in the planned local area
- Any other proposal necessary for the development of the zone or ward or area
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